Itaconic Acid Derivatives Of Sulfanilamide and Sulfone

In this investigation thirty- eight itaconic acid derivatives of sulfanilamide were synthesize

“Save One for Yourself”: A Reconsideration of the Houston Rebellion of 1917

The rebellion in Houston was an important incident of Black radical activity in the early twentieth century. Research has examined the events in Houston in detail and built a narrative of an exceptional event. This study aims to reconsider the narrative of the Houston Rebellion on more localized levels, as well as in its broader historical context. Building on existing research on the rebellion this study introduces new elements such as the position of the Black community in Houston, and the consciousness and experience of the Black soldiers involved in the rebellion. Additionally this study contextualizes the rebellion more broadly as an act of Black radicalism, considering with greater depth the significance of the rebellion. This analysis of the rebellion reveals the Houston Rebellion was a moment produced from the complex past of Black people in Houston as well as a distinct experienced positionality of Black soldiers. Furthermore this study shows the rebellion was not an isolated event of Black radicalism. Rather it was a particularly explosive moment resulting from circumstances that accentuated the conflict between the reality of Black life and the insufficiency of Black political ideologies of its time

Towards a Molecular Inventory of Protostellar Discs

The chemical environment in circumstellar discs is a unique diagnostic of the thermal, physical and chemical environment. In this paper we examine the structure of star formation regions giving rise to low mass stars, and the chemical environment inside them, and the circumstellar discs around the developing stars.Comment: 9 page PDF, 550 kbyte

Attributes of innovations and approaches to scalability - lessons from a national program to extend the scope of practice of health professionals

The context for the paper was the evaluation of a national program in Australia to investigate extended scopes of practice for health professionals (paramedics, physiotherapists, and nurses). The design of the evaluation involved a mixed-methods approach with multiple data sources. Four multidisciplinary models of extended scope of practice were tested over an 18-month period, involving 26 organizations, 224 health professionals, and 36 implementation sites. The evaluation focused on what could be learned to inform scaling up the extended scopes of practice on a national scale. The evaluation findings were used to develop a conceptual framework for use by clinicians, managers, and policy makers to determine appropriate strategies for scaling up effective innovations. Development of the framework was informed by the literature on the diffusion of innovations, particularly an understanding that certain attributes of innovations influence adoption. The framework recognizes the role played by three groups of stakeholders: evidence producers, evidence influencers, and evidence adopters. The use of the framework is illustrated with four case studies from the evaluation. The findings demonstrate how the scaling up of innovations can be influenced by three quite distinct approaches - letting adoption take place in an uncontrolled, unplanned, way; actively helping the process of adoption; or taking deliberate steps to ensure that adoption takes place. Development of the conceptual framework resulted in two sets of questions to guide decisions about scalability, one for those considering whether to adopt the innovation (evidence adopters), and the other for those trying to decide on the optimal strategy for dissemination (evidence influencers)

Experimental study of the aerodynamic noise radiated by cylinders with different cross-sections and yaw angles

Vortex shedding from cylinders has been extensively studied due to its occurrence in many engineering fields. Many experimental studies reported in the literature focus on the aerodynamics of the vortex shedding process but the literature about the radiated noise is more scarce. The aim of the work presented here is to extend the available noise data. Aero-acoustic wind tunnel tests were carried out using cylinders with different cross-sections: circular, square, rectangular and elliptical. Flow speeds between 20 and 50 m/s were used, corresponding to Reynolds numbers in the range from 1.6×104 to 1.2×105. The dependence of the noise on the yaw angle, flow speed, cross-sectional shape, angle of attack and radiation angle (directivity) is assessed. The results obtained are compared, where possible, with those found in the literature for similar cases. It is intended that the results can be used for the validation and calibration of numerical and empirical aerodynamic noise prediction models

Sampling of aryldiazonium, anilino, and aryl radicals by membrane introduction mass spectrometry: Thermolysis of aromatic diazoamino compounds

Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is used to sample free radicals generated by thermolysis at atmospheric pressure. This is done by heating the solid sample in a custom-made probe that is fitted with a silicone membrane to allow selective and rapid introduction of the pyrolysates into the ion source of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Phenyldiazonium radical (C6H5N2) and some of its ring-substituted analogs, the methoxy anilino radical CH3OC6H4NH, and aryl radicals are generated by gas phase thermolysis of symmetrical aryl diazoamino compounds (ArNH-N2Ar). The radicals are identified by measurement of their ionization energies (IE) using threshold ionization efficiency data. A linear correlation between the ionization energy of the phenyldiazonium radicals and their Brown σ+ values is observed, and this confirms the formation of these species and validates the applicability of MIMS in sampling these radicals. The ionization energies of the aryldiazonium radicals are estimated as IE (p-CH3O-C6H4N2·), 6.74 ± 0.2 eV; IE (p-CH3-C6H4N2·), 7.72 ± 0.2 eV; IE (C6H5N2·), 7.89 ± 0.2 eV; IE (m-Cl-C6H4N2·), 7.91 ± 0.2 eV; IE (p-F-C6H4N2·), 8.03 ± 0.2 eV; and IE (m-NO2-C6H4N2·), 8.90 = 0.2 eV. The ionization energies of the aryl radicals are estimated as IE (p-CH3O-C6H4·), 7.33 ± 0.2 eV; IE (p-CH3-C6H4·), 8.31 ± 0.2 eV; IE (C6H5·), 8.44 ± 0.2 eV; IE (m-Cl-C6H4·), 8.50 ± 0.2 eV and IE (p-F-C6H4), 8.54 ± 0.2 eV. Also, the ionization energy of the p-methoxyanilino radical (p-CH3O-C6H4NH·) is estimated as 7.63 ± 0.2 eV

Evolution of CDK1 Paralog Specializations in a Lineage With Fast Developing Planktonic Embryos

The active site of the essential CDK1 kinase is generated by core structural elements, among which the PSTAIRE motif in the critical αC-helix, is universally conserved in the single CDK1 ortholog of all metazoans. We report serial CDK1 duplications in the chordate, Oikopleura. Paralog diversifications in the PSTAIRE, activation loop substrate binding platform, ATP entrance site, hinge region, and main Cyclin binding interface, have undergone positive selection to subdivide ancestral CDK1 functions along the S-M phase cell cycle axis. Apparent coevolution of an exclusive CDK1d:Cyclin Ba/b pairing is required for oogenic meiosis and early embryogenesis, a period during which, unusually, CDK1d, rather than Cyclin Ba/b levels, oscillate, to drive very rapid cell cycles. Strikingly, the modified PSTAIRE of odCDK1d shows convergence over great evolutionary distance with plant CDKB, and in both cases, these variants exhibit increased specialization to M-phase.publishedVersio

Part I. Nutritional Studies with Disease-free Swine Part Ii. Utilization of D-amino Acids by Swine

Animal Nutritio